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MEN’S ALCOHOLISM: BEATING THE BEAST: ADMIT YOU HAVE A PROBLEM
Subduing an alcohol problem is a daily struggle that is seldom easy, says Dr.
But with persistence, determination and the support of other recovering alcoholics, you can enjoy a lifetime of sobriety. Here’s how to get started.
Admit you have a problem. Acknowledging that you have a problem is the first step. The sooner you realize that alcohol is your enemy, the more likely you can repair the physical and emotional damage it has done to your mind and body. Unfortunately, most alcohol abusers don’t realize or are unwilling to admit they have serious drinking problems.
“If you suspect you may be an alcoholic, you probably are,” says Dr. Damstra.
A couple of things make it difficult for a guy to face reality. First, alcohol abuse often sneaks up on a man so slowly he doesn’t even know he has succumbed to it. In fact, it takes most men about six years to make the plunge from social to problem drinking. By then, his emotional defenses are well-established, and it’s easy to deny that alcohol is ruining his life. Second, there’s the ego. Men simply don’t like to admit that they have any weaknesses, Dr. Schneider points out.
“It doesn’t take a ‘man’ to drink. It does take a ‘man’ to recognize he has a problem and will do something about it,” Dr. Schneider says.
*33/257/8*



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MEN’S ALCOHOLISM: BEATING THE BEAST: AVOID TEMPTATION, KEEP IT LIGHT AND MAINTAIN CONSTANT VIGILANCE
Avoid temptation. For the same reason Imelda Marcos should avoid shoe sales, guys shaking alcohol should avoid hanging out in the neighborhood bar with their old drinking buddies.
“It’s a lot easier to slip back into old habits if you’re still doing the same things you were doing when you were drinking,” says Eric J. Devor, Ph.D., professor of psychiatry at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics in Iowa City.
Find the friends in your recovery group, church or gym who will support your quest to stay sober. Try new activities that don’t involve alcohol like running or volunteering at a community organization.
Keep it light. Humor is a terrific weapon because it will help you keep your battle against drinking in perspective, says Dr. Schneider.
So if you’re at a dinner party, for example, and the host asks you what you’d like to drink, tell him, “I’m too young to drink booze, so what else do you have?”
“It’s a joke that will get more chuckles as you get older,” the 73-year-old doctor says. “Laugh at yourself and you’ll find that it will help you. Keep a positive attitude about your recovery.”
Maintain constant vigilance. Between 50 and 70 percent of all alcoholics recover, but it’s crucial to remember that alcoholism is a chronic disease—in short, it’s always with you.
That’s why it’s important to remind yourself every day that sobriety isn’t just a goal, it’s an attitude.
“Sober just doesn’t mean that you’re dry. It means that you’re comfortable being free of alcohol. It’s a state of mind,” says Dr. Schneider.
*36/257/8*

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MEN AND THEIR KNEE PROBLEMS: THE STRUCTURE OF THE KNEE
Many people think of the knee joint as if it were a simple hinge. The knee does bend like a hinge, but it also glides, slides and rotates, ensuring that even the simple action of stooping to tie one’s shoe requires a harmony of soft tissue, muscle, tendon, ligament and cartilage interaction that cannot be duplicated by any known machine.
Since the end of your femur (thigh bone) is curved and the top of the tibia (shin bone) is fairly flat, one can easily fathom the inherent instability of the knee joint. The empty space between these two bones of the leg must be filled with a material strong enough to withstand the enormous forces to which the knee may be subjected (up to ten times your own body weight) and yet be durable enough to withstand the estimated two-and-a-half-million steps the average active adult takes each year. The resilient fibrous tissue upon which the knee joint relies to manage this task is referred to as the meniscus, and is usually only appreciated after it has been torn.
The meniscus is divided into two halves, known as the medial meniscus (on the outer side of the knee) and the lateral meniscus (on the inner side). Filling the space between the thigh bone and the shin bone, the meniscus serves to maintain the balanced position of the former bone on the latter. By making the surface contact area greater between the two bones, the meniscus reduces the forces of impact upon the joint by up to three times or more. The whole process is assisted within the joint when the meniscus interacts with the synovial lining in the knee and its fluids to lubricate the moving parts of the knee so that they slip more effectively than ice on ice.
*40/107/2*

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ANGINA AND YOUR DIET: WHAT ABOUT FIBRE?
Healthy eating doesn’t mean eating less of everything. Fibre is something you can actually eat more of. This will help keep you ‘fit on the inside’ and protect you from gut disorders like constipation and piles. Foods that are naturally rich in fibre have lots of vitamins and other nutrients too.
Fibre-rich foods
You only get fibre from foods that grow from the ground: cereals, wheat, oats, corn, rice, beans, peas, vegetables and fruit. You don’t get any fibre in animal products like cheese, eggs or meat.
You get less fibre if the food has had its outer layer (husk or skin) removed – so peeled potatoes have less fibre than jacket potatoes. White flour has less fibre than wholemeal flour. The word whole as in wholemeal or whole grain will let you know that nothing has been removed.
Fibre and blood cholesterol
Fibre occurs in two forms; soluble and insoluble fibre. It has been found that soluble fibre reduces the amount of cholesterol in your blood. The soluble fibre binds to cholesterol and bile acids (which contain cholesterol) in your gut. Therefore, you do not absorb this cholesterol and as a result your blood cholesterol is reduced.
The following foods are all rich in soluble fibre: beans, all types, e.g. baked, kidney and runner beans; peas, e.g. chick and split; oat bran, porridge and fruit rich in pectin, e.g. apples.
Fibre and weight
Bread and potatoes contain complex carbohydrate. This is a starchy food which contains natural fibre. In the past bread and potatoes were considered along with refined carbohydrate (starchy food which contains no fibre e.g. sugar, plain biscuits) as food which makes you put weight on. But we now know that the bulky complex carbohydrates, e.g. potatoes, wholemeal bread and brown rice, are just the foods which help us stay slim and healthy because these foods fill us up without overloading us with calories.
A small bar of milk chocolate (60g/2oz) contains approximately 320 calories. This is equivalent to 400g/14oz of boiled potatoes (eight egg-sized potatoes). Which of these would fill you up the most?
Some ways to eat more fibre
Tick the things you already do. Put a tick by the tips you think you could try, then just change one new thing per week. The more tips you tick, the higher your diet will be in fibre.
Tips
Try to eat at least four slices of bread a day. Wholemeal bread is best but all bread is good food. Chapatis and pitta bread are good for fibre, especially as they are made from wholemeal flour.
Use wholemeal flour instead of white flour for baking -mixtures of the flours work well in most recipes – try half wholemeal and half white.
Breakfast cereals can be great for fibre – go for ones with ingredients that are wholegrains and avoid sugar-coated types.
Try using more peas, beans and lentils. In many meals you can replace some or all of the meat with beans – much cheaper and still very good food.
Eat more potatoes, also cassava, plantain and yams.
Brown rice has more fibre than white. It takes longer to cook, but it is very tasty.
Eat more unsalted nuts and dried fruit – perhaps instead of confectionery.
Try to eat at least one piece of fruit a day and get a good variety of vegetables. Some are better than others but they all have some fibre and plenty of essential vitamins and minerals.
*66/108/2*



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Other names: Proscar

SPORTS INJURIES AND MEN’S HEALTH: DIET AND INJURY PREVENTION
When all the hard training has been done in preparation for a competition or for personal peak performance in one’s chosen sport, there is probably no factor more important than nutrition. The old idea that all you need to improve your performance is a balanced diet may still be true, but it can also be misleading.
There are many reasons for the misunderstanding which can arise, one of which is that strenuous exercise and the stress of competition deplete the body of many more nutrients than we realise. In addition, many of the foods we eat to replace lost nutrients are themselves nutrient-deficient. This is true of many processed foods, but it is also increasingly true of many fresh foods. Not only does the way in which we cook fresh foods alter their vitamin and mineral content, but so, too, does the way in which we store them and the way in which we grow them. In general, the longer a food is cooked or stored, the more vitamins and minerals are lost in the process.
Animals reared for food are fed artificial feeds, injected with growth hormones and treated with antibiotics to counter the array of diseases which in large part have arisen from their containment. The extent to which these and other contaminants in commercially prepared foods ultimately affect the performance of athletes is difficult to say, but there is mounting evidence that the radical change in the production of our foods is undermining the integrity of our immune systems, our energy levels and our long-term health.
Similarly, the more chemical fertilisers are used to grow crops in organically depleted soils, the more likely those crops are to be depleted of the full complement of vitamins and minerals contained in nutrient-rich soils. It has been estimated, for example, that oranges grown in chemically fertilised soils possess half or less of the vitamin C content contained in oranges grown in soils of sufficient organic content.
This being so, the question of how athletes achieve a balanced diet capable of sustaining peak performance becomes decidedly problematic. When an athlete runs out of glycogen, for instance, he or she runs out of stamina and endurance. When this happens, the athlete not only becomes performance-inefficient, but also uncoordinated and prone to injury. The type of diet we select will in large part determine the body’s capacity to store glycogen. Bad nutrition not only makes for bad athletes, it makes for injury-prone athletes as well.
The recommendation here is to select a diet as rich as possible in organically grown fresh fruits and vegetables and free-range, low-fat meats. You may be surprised to find how many outlets actually exist for organically grown foods, so why not make use of them. Athletes with whom I have competed and worked managed to improve their performance levels and suffer fewer injuries when they increased their intake of raw and whole foods.
If vegetables are cooked, try steaming them lightly to maintain their flavour and their nutrients. Include legumes of all kinds in your diet and don’t underestimate the value of lentil and bean soups and stews. Pasta dishes without heavy, oily sauces can also do much to add variety and wholesome sources of carbohydrates to your diet.
So, remember, you are not only what you eat, but what you eat can also make you more or less prone to injury.
*39/107/2*



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MEN’S ALCOHOLISM – CIRRHOSIS: DON’T PICKLE YOUR LIVER
Most men know more about needlepoint than they do about cirrhosis, a bit surprising considering cirrhosis of the liver is the third leading cause of death for men between the ages of 25 and 65.
Cirrhosis results when liver cells die, permanently scarring the soft liver tissue. Unfortunately, the liver is not an organ you can do without—it’s responsible for the storage and filtration of blood and the secretion of bile; it plays a key role in breaking down carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals and vitamins; and it converts potentially toxic substances into harmless ones.
“Alcohol is the most prevalent cause of cirrhosis by far,” says Vlado Simko, M.D., Ph.D., associate professor of medicine at the State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, New York. Cirrhosis has other causes. But for men in this, country, alcohol is the culprit to watch.
What really makes cirrhosis so dangerous is the way it sneaks up on you. Experts cite a wide range of warning signs—deep fatigue and weakness, nausea, yellowish skin, small spider-like blood vessels that may appear just under the surface of the skin—then in the next breath admit that most of them appear only after liver damage has become extensive.
“Probably the earliest sign of liver disease is weakness,” says Paul S. Pickholtz, M.D., a gastroenterologist in private practice in Yonkers, New York. “But you don’t usually have any of the other symptoms until you’re already in trouble.”
Given the insidious nature of the disease, experts recommend you adopt a simple approach. “You shouldn’t get to the point where you have cirrhosis because once you do, you’re in trouble,” says Dr. Pickholtz.
So avoid steady drinking. Cirrhosis isn’t brought on by the occasional weekend binge—it’s the result of daily drinking over 10 to 15 years.
“The liver has a remarkable potential for regeneration,” says Dr. Simko. “If you give enough time between bouts of drinking, even if there’s damage to a significant amount of liver cells, other liver cells will regenerate and replace the damaged cells. But if the damage occurs every day, that’s difficult to recover from.”
Outside of watching your drinking, probably the best thing you can do to prevent cirrhosis, says Dr. Simko, is to get a hepatitis B vaccine. Next to alcohol, hepatitis is the largest cause of cirrhosis. A hepatitis B vaccine works simply—it will stop the disease before it starts. Talk to your doctor if you don’t remember ever having received a vaccine.
*35/257/8*



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MEN’S ALCOHOLISM: LOOK OUT BODY, HERE IT COMES
Even if you have yourself convinced that heavy drinking won’t get in the way of your family or career, chances are you’re still destroying your body. “Alcohol has a negative physiological effect on every human tissue,” says Max A. Schneider, M.D., clinical associate professor of psychiatry and human behavior at the University of California College of Medicine at Irvine.
Ready to get depressed? Here’s a partial tour of how excessive drinking can damage your body.
Blood. Alcohol suppresses the production of platelets and red and white blood cells. As a result, heavy drinkers are more susceptible to anemia, infections and bleeding.
Brain. Heavy drinking can cause brain damage by slowing blood circulation and oxygen flow to the brain cells. In addition, drinking disrupts communication between nerve cells in the brain and actually can make them crave alcohol. There’s more: Excessive alcohol can impair memory. And heavy drinking increases the risk of stroke.
Heart. Although there is some evidence that one or two drinks a day may lower your risk of heart disease, more than two drinks a day can raise cholesterol and blood pressure and cause myocardiopathy, a swelling of the heart muscle that can lead to sickness and death.
Intestines. Alcohol abuse actually changes the structure of cells in the small intestine so they can’t properly absorb nutrients and trace minerals. That’s one reason that many heavy drinkers develop malnutrition.
Liver. It’s the liver that often suffers the most damage from alcohol abuse, since about 95 percent of the alcohol that enters your body is detoxified by it. Alcohol abuse can cause hepatitis (an inflammation of the liver) or cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), which reduce the organ’s ability to destroy dead red cells and to manufacture bile and other vital chemicals. Untreated, either can cause death.
Pancreas. Heavy drinkers are ten times more likely to develop diabetes than nondrinkers, because alcohol gradually destroys the pancreas, the organ that produces insulin.
Skin. Alcohol abuse can make you look older because booze decreases the elasticity of the skin, causing it to age faster. Drinking also makes you more susceptible to frostbite and burns.
Stomach. Alcohol decreases the production of mucin, a chemical that protects the stomach lining. Without enough mucin, powerful acids inflame the stomach, causing ulcers.
“Clearly the physical disruption from heavy drinking potentially can have a massive and destructive effect on the body,” Dr. Damstra says.
*32/257/8*

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SPORTS INJURIES AND TRAINING PREPARATION: WARMING-UP AND WARMING-DOWN
Considerable research indicates that muscles work more efficiently and with less chance of injury if they are warm. The optimal temperature for efficient muscle function seems to be about 38 degrees or 39 degrees Celsius, with a 7 per cent increase in efficiency shown for each rise in temperature of 0.5 degrees Celsius.
The point of warming-down with a few minutes of continuous activity following an event or exercise session is to prolong and benefit from the high metabolic rate achieved during the event, thus facilitating the removal of wastes such as lactic acid from the muscles. The elimination of these wastes may in turn reduce stiffness and muscle soreness.
Since blood may collect in the extremities of your body when you suddenly cease a highly strenuous activity, the result may be a feeling of dizziness or even a fainting spell. Static stretching which involves stretching to a comfortable limit and holding the position for 5 to 10 seconds is another respected method of cooling down and can be used in conjunction with a slow walk or a gentle run in place subsequent to an event.
Although there is still some disagreement amongst researchers about preferred modes of warm-up, I have found that a two-stage warm-up is quite satisfactory as an aid in reduction of the risk of injury.
The first stage involves any of a number of gentle activities capable of elevating body temperature. A brisk walk, stationary cycle, slow jog or moderate mobile cycle ride of 5 minutes or so will elevate the pulse and increase muscle temperature, making muscles more elastic and joints more supple.
Once the first stage of warm-up is complete, another session of approximately 5 minutes should be devoted to stretching exercises relevant to the specific activity in which the athlete is engaged. Gymnasts, for instance, are well advised to place an emphasis upon the back muscles, given the wide range of movements in their routines which require hyperextension of the spine. Most footballers, on the other hand, are troubled by injuries to the groin and hamstrings, so should be careful to stretch these areas adequately before commencing a practice or game.
The aim of stretching is not to overextend the joints being stretched, but to coax the muscles to their safe and comfortable limits of extension. Three to five repetitions of the static stretch, in which the extension is sustained for a period of 5 to 10 seconds, has proven to be a highly recommended form of secondary warm-up.
Be fastidious about avoiding bouncing movements, which tend to extend muscles and joints beyond their safe limits. Ballistic or bounce-stretching can itself tear muscles and additionally increase the risk of injury by allowing a joint more mobility than is proportional to the support tension which adjacent muscle groups can provide. Too much flexibility in a joint can dispose athletes, especially those in contact sports such as football, to injuries that could easily have been avoided had joint mobility been less. The old saying “The more flexible you are, the better’ does not always hold true and can be positively misleading. A good warm-up will involve stretching all the major joints and muscles, but with an appropriate emphasis upon those areas most susceptible to injury, given the nature of the sport.
*37/107/2*



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ALLERGIES: HEAL THYSELF – CREATE YOUR OWN INNER SANCTUM
“The most important thing you can do around your home to ease allergy problems is to focus on making the bedroom an allergy-free environment,” says Dr. Adkinson. “We probably spend a third of our lives in our bedrooms; plus, when we’re sleeping, a lot of our defense mechanisms are not at their peak.”
If you’re allergic to dust, the best place to start your war on allergens is in your bed.
“The average man in bed has 2,000 dust mites accompanying him, and they’re alive,” says Dr. Ziering. It’s not the mites (tiny relatives of ticks and spiders) themselves that are the root of dust allergies, it’s their droppings.
You can eliminate this microscopic problem almost entirely. Use polyester pillows that can be washed in hot water, encase your box spring and mattress in zip-pered vinyl coverings and wash your sheets in hot water once a week, says Dr. Ziering. These precautions can eliminate 90 percent of the mites.
Be sure to wipe down your dresser tops and windowsills regularly and get rid of clutter (stacks of magazines, books, office folders and any other knickknacks that collect dust). If possible, replace carpeting and curtains—both places where mites can dig in—with throw rugs and window blinds.
*40/257/8*



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ALLERGIES: HEAL THYSELF – BECOME MR. CLEAN AND KEEP COOL
Become Mr. Clean. If you suffer from dust or other airborne allergies, you can’t stop cleaning at the bedroom.
On average, men spend roughly 95 percent of their lives indoors, of which 60 percent is in their homes, says Dr. Platts-Mills, so controlling indoor allergens is important.
This means frequent (with more severe allergies, daily) dusting, vacuuming and spraying with commercial cleansers—floors, couches, curtains, carpets, everything that is home to the dust mite. Dr. Platts-Mills suggests you ask your allergist about allergy supply companies so you can order cleaning products by phone. Remember that cleaning kicks up a dust storm of its own. So wear a filter mask when you clean or find a nonallergic person to do it for you.
Keep cool. Spring and summer are prime allergy seasons, namely because the plant world is busy pollinating itself in an orgy of rebirth. Keeping pollens out of the home during these steamy seasons is a simple matter.
“Air-conditioning will really help you reduce your exposure to pollens,” says Dr. Norman. “The air conditioner’s filtration system takes out most of the pollen.”
Smaller particles like mold spores can be filtered out by installing superfine air filters in your central air and heating systems. Air-conditioning also keeps humidity low, discouraging dampness and the proliferation of molds.
If you don’t have air-conditioning, sleep with the windows closed during pollen season. Remember, when you sleep, your defense mechanisms are at a low ebb.
*41/257/8*

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MEN AND THEIR KNEE PROBLEMS: THE LOWDOWN ON KNEE INJURY
Although there are many different types of soft tissue injury to the knee (such as damage to any of the cruciate ligaments), there is considerable clinical evidence to suggest that the deterioration of the meniscus plays a key role in increased risk of injury to all functional parts of the knee joint. It was only a few years ago that the meniscus was regarded as a superfluous tissue remnant, so when it was torn, the medical impulse was to remove it surgically. The resultant abnormal motion in the joint and consequent deterioration of otherwise healthy knee tissue, due to augmented impact forces previously controlled by the meniscus, have served as sober reminders of the importance of the meniscus in knee health.
Damage to cartilage and erosion of bone surfaces no longer insulated by the meniscus was observed by specialists within three weeks of surgical removal. The current medical disposition is to repair the torn meniscus wherever possible by suturing and other techniques. Despite a measure of success, however, it is clear that prevention still stands as the best cure.
If you are active in sport, do not play on sore or swollen knees. A minor tear of the meniscus can almost always be healed if the injury is recognised early enough and your lay-off is accompanied by an adequate program of physiotherapy and muscle conditioning.
If the tear is acute, arthroscopic surgery is often recommended by specialists. Where the tear is to the peripheral 30 per cent of the meniscus, blood supply to the area is plentiful, so that even some acute tears may be treated without surgical intervention. In those cases in which surgical intervention is definitely required, the prognosis for full recovery is good, given the sufficiency of blood to the peripheral meniscus.
Unfortunately, an acute tear to the inner zone of the meniscus provides a less optimistic prognosis, as blood supply to the region is insufficient to maximise the healing process. Recovery, at least full recovery and a return to active sport, is difficult in the case of such tears, though orthopaedic surgeons are expanding their arsenal of new techniques for surgical intervention into this region of the meniscus, including techniques for increased blood nourishment to meniscal tissue.
It is important to be aware of recovery times if you do choose to undergo surgery. If the meniscus can be surgically repaired, you should anticipate at least four weeks in a hinged knee brace and you will be allowed to put only minimum weight on the joint for the same period and perhaps longer. During the four-week recuperation period, you should expect to engage in a regimen of carefully controlled range of motion exercises and partial knee bends, along with other tensing exercises to keep the thighs (and especially the quadracep muscles) from excessive atrophy.
Once the four-week period of conditioning is completed and the knee brace is off, patients usually commence a cycling program, water workouts, elastic-cord exercises, and additional physiotherapy. Depending upon the severity of the injury and your level of fitness, it is likely to take anywhere from twelve to fourteen weeks for full recovery following surgery. Should the meniscus prove to be irreparable and require partial removal, the recommended recovery program is more aggressive, commencing a day or so after surgery.
*41/107/2*

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THE RETURN OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE: WHAT WE CAN DO TO HELP PREVENT THE SPREAD OF TUBERCULOSIS
While the early part of this century saw major improvements in sanitation, housing and the provision of fresh wholefoods accessible to the general population, we are approaching a period in which the growth of our population has led to renewed overcrowding. Also, because of concentrated populations and now saturated disposal sites, a decline in effective sewage and waste disposal, along with a reduction in the quality of wholefoods and increasing exposure to environmental toxins and stresses, all decrease our capacity to resist infection on the one hand and optimise the conditions for its spread on the other.
Nor will the answer come from new medical therapies, not even antibiotics, for the new strains of tuberculosis which are emerging to plague our society are becoming progressively resistant to the antibiotics traditionally used to treat the disease. We can only challenge and change the direction of a society destined for ill health when we become aware of what that direction is. If, as I suspect, we are recreating the optimum conditions for the initiation and spread of infections, along with a whole host of new diseases of civilisation, reliance upon immunisation and therapy will provide little more than a cosmetic treatment of a much deeper health problem.
PRACTICAL PREVENTIVE METHODS
The control of tuberculosis will require a community effort and there are some measures we can all take individually and as a community to help.
We must as a community refuse to allow the problem of homelessness to grow. We need to pressure government bodies capable of improving this situation into action. We also need to organise community support groups, as they are now doing in some American cities, to assist government bodies insufficiently funded and staffed in the eradication of those environmental conditions conducive to the spread of the disease.
REDUCING THE RISK OF TUBERCULOSIS
Everyone can take steps to reduce the risk of contracting tuberculosis or of spreading the disease. These hints also make good sense as a general guide to keeping healthy:
Try to avoid overcrowded, indoor situations whenever possible. If you must expose yourself to high-risk situations, do what you can to ensure that ventilation is adequate. Open windows and doors whenever possible and go outside at regular intervals for fresh air.
Take note of people with persistent coughs in crowded places and keep your distance from them. If you know them well enough and you suspect tuberculosis, ask them discreetly if they have been checked for the disease. Give them this piece on the subject or some other relevant literature to read.
If you have to spend lots of time in crowded nightclubs or other high-risk situations, make certain that you stay away from these places if you are already sick or rundown and feeling unwell or chronically fatigued. When your resistance is down, you are far more likely to become infected. If you are unwell or have the flu, you also have a responsibility to stay away from these places so that you do not infect others.
If you are being treated with antibiotics for the infection, make certain that you take the tablets as directed and finish the course of the drug treatment. Failure to do so may cause mutations in the strains of tuberculosis virus and thus make them drug-resistant.
Make certain that you receive the proper nutritional balance and appropriate variety of whole, fresh foods.
Avoid or minimise the intake of substances such as alcohol, caffeine, tobacco and other drugs.
Monitor your own health and the health of your family, and keep in contact with health professionals who can advise you of the early warning signs of the disease. Do what you can to ensure that the environments in which you live and work are as clean and well ventilated as possible.
Get sufficient rest and exercise regularly.
*32/107/2*



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ALLERGIES: DUCKING THE SNEEZES AND WHEEZES
Our brains may believe in democracy, but our bodies practice more barbarian politics. Without provocation, our immune systems sometimes launch wars against perfectly friendly foreign substances— things like shampoo or pollen, strawberries or shrimp—whose only crime is being there.
Welcome to the coughing, sneezing, itching, swelling battlefield of allergies, where your immune system goes on the attack against imagined enemies and you suffer the consequences.
But allergies needn’t make you a victim; there is much you can do to diminish the discomfort they cause. “A normal or very nearly normal life is possible for nearly every person with allergies. It shouldn’t be a disabling disease if treated properly,” says Philip Norman, M.D., professor of medicine at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine/Francis Scott Key Medical Center in Baltimore.
How common: Allergies are widespread. Respiratory allergies—the most common of the allergies—affect nearly 15 percent of all Americans.
Risk factors: A hypersensitive immune system. Allergies may be inherited. If both your parents have allergies, some experts estimate that you have up to a 90 percent chance of developing them, too.
Age group affected: Allergies can develop at any age, but two out of three cases are diagnosed by age 30. Allergies tend to fade after age 55 as the immune system becomes less sensitive.
Gender gap: In childhood, boys are more likely than girls to have allergies. The gender difference evens out during adult life, though men may still be slightly more apt to suffer from allergies.
Who to see: Allergist.
*37/257/8*

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SPORTS INJURIES AND TRAINING PREPARATION: PRESEASON EVALUATION
A preseason evaluation can provide significant benefits in shaping the subtle aspects of a preparation regime, especially for a person determined to succeed at competitive sport. Such evaluations may enlist the help of a sports physician, podiatrist, nutritionist or the athlete’s own general practitioner to assist in detecting injury-prone physical problems such as poor muscle tone, structural anomalies of the feet, deterioration in eyesight and flexibility limitations due to previous injuries or poor training programs.
A good coach knows when other health professionals should be called upon to provide invaluable preseason assessments and will not hesitate in referring an athlete to the wide array of resource people now available in sport. Usually, there are relatively straightforward methods to rectify or overcome structural problems, improve attitudinal negativity, which can also lead to injuries, and rectify irregularities in form, which may either distract from an athlete’s performance or dispose an athlete towards an increased risk of injury.
If you compete in an individual sport, there is still no excuse for not seeking specialist advice. Proper preparation is important no matter whether you play as part of a team or compete as an individual, or whether you play sport as a professional or at an amateur level.
*36/107/2*



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SPORTS INJURIES AND MEN’S HEALTH: HOW SERIOUS IS THE PROBLEM?
The rate of injury from involvement in sport varies significantly from sport to sport, both in kind and frequency, but participation in virtually any sport carries some risk of injury. In some sports, such as boxing, karate and wrestling, the risk of injury is almost inevitable. In other sports, such as motor racing, especially motorcycle racing and Formula 1 racing, injuries are sometimes fatal.
Although injuries from participation in team sports are generally less severe than in some of the sports mentioned above, the rate of injuries from those sports most commonly played in Australia are surprisingly and worryingly high. According to Inside and Out, a recent publication of the Australian Council for Health, Physical Education and Recreation (ACHPER), Australian Rules football presents the highest overall number of injuries, with approximately 492 000 players and 246 000 injuries, followed by soccer (488 000 players/146 250 injuries); cricket (560 226 players/89 000 injuries); rugby league (160 000 players/80 000 injuries); rugby union (104 000 players/52 000 injuries); netball (374 643 players/37 464 injuries); hockey (193 000 players/28 950 injuries); indoor cricket (400 000 players/28 000 injuries) and basketball (142 955 players/21 300 injuries). Although ACHPER’s estimates of the overall number of sporting injuries are helpful, the rate of injury for players participating in the foregoing team sports is not made explicit, but can tentatively be deduced from the numbers provided. The three sports with the highest rate of injury for participants are Australian football, rugby league and rugby union, with a staggering one out of every two, or half of all players injured each year.
Although many injuries are relatively minor, some are not. The term ‘injury’ is used by ACHPER to indicate any condition of bodily harm which causes an athlete to seek medical help or first aid, leave a game or be forced to miss training or a game. To put the numbers in perspective, ACHPER reports that one in seventeen Australians or nearly one million people suffer from a sporting injury each year, of which some 40 000 require hospitalisation or surgery. The report also makes clear that there is more than just the personal cost of suffering and debilitation for the athletes concerned — the direct cost to the community for treatment of sporting injuries is between 333 million and 400 million dollars each year.
In light of these figures, it is clear that it is in the interest of players, coaches and the community to do whatever can be done to minimise the risk of sporting injuries. Prevention is still the best medicine, but prevention presupposes education and a sound working knowledge of the nature of sports injuries and their causes.
*33/107/2*



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ALCOHOLISM: CROSSING THE LINE
At any given moment, about 10 percent of American men older than 18 have problems controlling their drinking. But if you include recovering alcoholics who no longer imbile, then the number of guys with drinking problems swell dramatically. Studies suggest, for example, that 23 procent of men have beem or will become dependent on alcohol at some point in their lives, says Dr. Nathan. Often those problems occur early in a man’s drinking history, such as during college. As he matures he drastically cuts back or quits drinking altogether. But some men don’t. In fact, most active alcoholics are between the ages of 35 and 55, according to the American Medical Association.
Certainly there are men who drink heavily—meaning they suck down three or more alcoholic beverages each day—without developing dependency. But how much or how often you drink probably isn’t the best way to define alcoholism. A man who never drinks during the week but passes out every Saturday night from drunkenness probably has more problems with alcohol than a man who has a drink every night of the year with his dinner.
The real line between choosing and needing to drink is this: If a man continues to drink alcohol even though it is destroying something critical to his well-being— health, career, relationships, legal status—then he is an alcoholic and should seek help, says Dr. Damstra.
Why some guys abuse alcohol and others don’t remains a mystery. Some experts suspect a genetic link, since men with family histories of alcoholism are more likely to become alcoholic. But alcoholics come from all types of family histories, so it’s likely that several other factors—peer pressure, self-esteem or religious attitudes, for example—also play key roles in making an alcoholic, says Dr. Damstra.
How common: About 12 million American men have drinking problems. Risk factors: Heredity, sex, religion, self-esteem and peer pressure are among the factors that contribute to alcoholism.
Age group affected: All age groups. The highest consumption rates and the greatest risk of abuse are found in men ages 18 to 24, followed by men ages 30 to 40.
Gender gap: Traditionally, statistics suggest that men„are twice as likely as women to abuse alcohol. But some experts believe women hide their drinking better than men, and so the numbers of men and women who abuse alcohol actually may be close to equal.
Who to see: Family doctor, certified self-help groups, counselors and psychologists.
*31/257/8*