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TREATING THE MUSCLE CONTRACTION HEADACHE: PART 2
Norgesic is a combination drug that contains orphenadrine (a muscle relaxant), aspirin, phenacetin, and caffeine.
Parafon Forte is another combination medication combining the muscle relaxant chlorzoxazone and acetaminophen.
Propoxyphene (Darvon) is a very popular analgesic used for a variety of painful conditions. This drug is chemically related to narcotics, and abuse and dependence, as well as withdrawal problems, develop if the drug is used over a long period of time. Darvon comes in a plain form and in combination with a variety of simple analgesics, including aspirin, phenacetin, and acetaminophen.
Codeine is a narcotic analgesic that can be added to a large number of simple analgesics. It is a fairly effective and relatively safe pain reliever but abuse commonly occurs, although not to the extent observed with more potent narcotic analgesics.
For patients with frequently recurring muscle contraction headaches, antidepressants seem to be the most effective drugs. Scientific observations, such as those by Dr. Donald Dalessio, a noted headache expert from La Jolla, California, have shown that the antidepressants, such as amitriptyline (Endep and Elavil), may be quite helpful in treating this disorder.
Other antidepressants of similar structure are also widely employed.
It is our opinion that for daily muscle contraction headaches these antidepressants are perhaps the most effective medications available. It is important to keep in mind that their benefit may have nothing to do with their effect as an antidepressant. In fact, patients who are not depressed will generally not experience any change in mood as a result of these drugs. Their benefit may be due to a mechanism that influences muscle contraction; drugs of similar structure are used as muscle relaxants. Additionally, there is some sparse evidence suggesting that these antidepressant medications may exert a primary effect on pain control centers and have been found useful in the treatment of diverse causes of chronic pain such as cancer, diabetes, and pain following certain types of infections.
It is not unusual in our experience for patients with daily pain to find themselves taking ten to twenty analgesic tablets each day, a quantity that is unquestionably hazardous to mind and body. Furthermore, relief of pain may require complete discontinuance of all analgesic medication, since, in a yet-to-be-defined way, regular use of analgesics may actually lower your pain threshold. It is often necessary to hospitalize patients to withdraw these medications safely and completely.
The preventive medications can be useful not only in providing some relief to the patient but also in helping to eliminate the harmful medications on which the patient may have become dependent. During this “plateau” of relief, it is important to work very hard to develop insight into the cause of the pain and to pursue non-medicinal interventions for long-term control.
It is for this and other reasons that recent research regarding biofeedback and muscle contraction is so important. A score of headache experts have shown impressive results using biofeedback and relaxation methods for treatment of recurring muscle contraction headaches. Dr. Lee Kudrow of Encino, California, one such headache authority, has actually found that patients undergoing biofeedback treatment for muscle contraction headaches who are able and willing to give up analgesics had better long-term results from the biofeedback treatment than patients who continued to use pain relievers along with the biofeedback therapy. Biofeedback is becoming the treatment of choice for muscle contraction headaches, particularly in young people.
We have found that, in addition to biofeedback and the cautious use of some medications, cervical collars for support and the maintenance of good posture, neck traction, and careful exercise of the neck muscles may be an effective way to treat many people.
The application of heat, regular massage, perhaps using a vibrator, and formal physical therapy can be very successful. Sleeping on a pillow that supports the neck and allows a slightly backward posture of the head may prove beneficial for some patients.
When emotional factors are crucial in the production of muscle contraction headaches, a trusting relationship with your physician is essential. The doctor must assist you to modify the circumstances in your life that may provoke your headaches. Muscle contraction headaches often develop or worsen at the same time that emotional burdens intensify.
It is essential to once again stress that if your doctor asks you to undergo a psychological evaluation to help identify areas of anger or hostility, to help modify certain situations in your life, to help you learn to express your feelings more openly, deal with stress less harmfully, or learn to relax, you should not resist or resent such recommendations. Those of us who see many patients in pain, particularly with muscle contraction headaches, have come to recognize, through many years of experience, that these interventions may play a dramatically effective role in bringing relief and a healthier life.
Chronic unrelenting stress must be recognized as a serious health hazard, and any legitimate effort to relieve it should be considered beneficial and wholesome.
An active, productive, and useful life, together with a feeling of self-reliance, is also beneficial. Good eating habits, regular exercise, adequate rest, and learning to relax and enjoy life’s pleasures are all important in the total headache treatment. This may mean restructuring the pattern of your life, or it may require only minimal but crucial modifications. In the end, your active participation in your own therapy, together with the advice and counseling of a concerned physician, is the essential ingredient in treating this troublesome headache disorder.
During the past several years, headache authorities have come to recognize that the mechanism of most chronic headaches, particularly those suffered daily, have both muscle contraction and vascular components. The history is characterized by daily occurring muscle contraction pain and periodic migraine or migrainelike headaches, approximately once every week or so. Many patients suffering from this disorder take excessive amounts of analgesics. Successful treatment often requires therapy directed at both muscular and vascular elements. Often nonmedicinal interventions such as biofeedback and psychotherapy may be necessary in addition to appropriate medications.
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