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Other names: Urso
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ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE: INCONTINENCE AIDS AND DIFFICULT BEHAVIOUR
Incontinence aids
Following a full assessment, including toileting regimes and perhaps some behaviour therapy, there will be a residual group of men and women who need aids to help them keep dry/clean and dignified. Very few people should be faecally incontinent after a full assessment, but in severe dementia this may be the case. It is possible to constipate the sufferer with tablets, e.g. codeine phosphate, and then give them regular enemas, usually twice a week, given by the carer or a district nurse. This seems to work well with many elderly people. Alternatively pads can be used to cope with both faecal (and urinary) incontinence.
District nurses and continence advisers are the experts in the field of incontinence and should be approached to discuss all the various products available. Carers should ask their GP to arrange a meeting and an assessment.
Difficult behaviour
Unusual restlessness and agitation may indicate that something is wrong, especially in cases where verbal communication is difficult. A need to go to the toilet or another physical reason may be the cause, and should be looked for. Sometimes however it is due to the Alzheimer’s disease itself and where it becomes exhausting for both sufferer and carer medication can be given. A useful drug for this problem is Melleril/thioridazine. Wandering however is not usually the same as restlessness or repetitive behaviour, and sedating a wanderer does more harm than good, making them drowsy, unsteady on their feet and often incontinent.
Aggression by a sufferer can be very difficult to cope with, especially if persistent and severe. There are no easy answers, but the carer should not hit back, where at all possible should avoid physical confrontation and in particular should not restrain the sufferer. If it is not an isolated incident then help should be sought by asking any of the professional agencies, especially the GP. Most outbursts are triggered by a reaction, often frustration, and a subsequent similar scene can often be avoided. Persistent aggression needs specialized help from a psychogeriatrician.
Occasionally in advanced dementia sufferers bite or have other spiteful behaviour, e.g. pinching, spitting, etc. This is extremely trying and demanding for the carer, but kindness and patience usually keep the situation manageable. In order to remain kind and patient the carer needs adequate rest, occasional breaks and access to professional help when necessary.
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